Translation & Sermon by
Nate Wilson for Christ The Redeemer Church, Manhattan, KS, 25 Jan
2026
Underlined words in Scripture quotes indicate words that
are in common with the Greek text of the sermon passage. Otherwise,
underlining indicates words to emphasize when reading this transcript
out loud.
Omitting greyed-out text should
reduce read-aloud time to about 40
minutes.
Read the passage, 2 Corinthians 6:11-16
Our
mouth has opened toward y’all, Corinthians, our heart has been
made expansive. Y’all are not being constrained by us, rather
y’all are being constrained in your own innards. Yet the in-kind
response (I am speaking as I would to children.) should be that you
yourselves also should be expansive. Stop being hybridized with
unbelievers. For what fellowship is there with righteousness and
with lawlessness? Or what partnership is there with light toward
darkness? And what common voice is there in the Anointed One toward
the Ungodly one? Or what share is there in a believer with an
unbeliever? And what agreement is there in the temple of God with
idols? For the temple of the living God is what y’all are… (NAW)
The text before us now describes a broken relationship between the members of a church and their pastors. The nature of the problem is described in verses 11-13, and the cause of the problem is identified in verse 14, followed by five illustrations of why it causes problems. So, first the description of the problem from the perspective of Paul and Timothy:
The Greek wording of v.11 literally reads “we have opened our mouth toward y’all.”
It’s a figure of speech used a few different ways in the Bible1, but the way it applies to this passage has to do with the ministry of prophecy: Biblical prophets and apostles “opened their mouths” as an act of faith in God, and then God gave them a message to communicate.
The first time in the Bible this happens is Exodus 4:11-12 “And the Lord said to Moses, Who has given a mouth to man…? And now go and I will open thy mouth, and will instruct thee in what thou shalt say.” (Brenton’s English translation of the Greek Septuagint)
Later on, David says in Psalm 51:15 “O Lord, thou shalt open my lips; and my mouth shall declare thy praise…” (Brenton) That’s how we got the book of Psalms; it started with David letting God open his mouth...
And God picked up on the same idea with the prophet Ezekiel: “But when I speak to thee, I will open thy mouth, and thou shalt say to them, ‘Thus saith the Lord, He that hears, let him hear…’” (Ezekiel 3:27, Brenton, cf. Ezek. 29:21)
So it should come as no surprise that Matthew 5:2 describes Jesus doing the same thing at the beginning of His Sermon on the Mount: “And when He opened His mouth, He began teaching them, saying, ‘Blessed are the poor in spirit, for the kingdom of heaven is theirs...’”
Furthermore, we see it in the book of Acts, where the apostles Phillip (Acts 8:32&35), Peter (Acts 10:34), and Paul (Acts 18:14, cf. Eph. 6:19) each “opened his mouth” on different occasions to begin sharing the gospel with someone.
This is exactly what Paul has done with the Corinthians. The verb “opened” is in the perfect tense, indicating something he did in the past, when he visited the city of Corinth for the first time and shared the good news about Jesus with anyone who would listen2,
and it indicates that this was still his attitude years later when he wrote 2 Corinthians.3
The second half of v.11 about the “heart” of the apostles “being enlarged/opened wide/ broad/expansive”
is expressing a parallel meaning to having an “opened” “mouth,”
and is the opposite of the “restraint” which the Corinthians were feeling towards Paul and Timothy in v.12.
The apostles call for a reciprocal response on the part of the Corinthians
using same word for “being enlarged/opened wide” in verse 13, “‘Be expansive’ toward us as ‘our heart has been expansive toward y’all’”!
Later, they exhort the Corinthians to that same reciprocal response of “openness” in chapter 7 verse 2, using the synonym “make room for us/receive us openly.”
It is worthy of note that when Paul and Timothy’s hearts were “enlarged/opened wide,” this was in obedience to God’s command using the very same word in the Greek translation of Isaiah 54:2-3 “Enlarge [open wide] the place of thy tent... spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy pins; spread forth thy tent yet to the right and the left: [WHY?] for thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles…” (Brenton) That’s exactly what Paul did in his heart as he, a Jewish leader, embraced Jesus’ Great Commission to “go into all the world and make disciples of every nation,” opened his heart to care about Gentiles in Corinth, and, in Christ, saw those Gentile Corinthians become part of Christ’s inheritance in the church! (Eph. 1:22)
What is the condition of your heart on this?
Are you feeling as ready to “open your heart” to foreigners as Paul and Timothy were?
Are you enthusiastic about seeing Jews and other ethnic persons join our church?
Is your “mouth open” and waiting for God to give you the opportunity to talk with people about Jesus?
I can’t say that this comes naturally to me. But, whether (or not) you struggle with being willing to have that level of openness, don’t try to do it in your own strength; ask God to make the change in your heart that He wants to see in you. Let Him do it.
David points the way for us in Psalm 119:32 “I will run the course of Your commandments, For You shall enlarge my heart.” (NKJV) “Walk in love” (Eph. 5:2), as Jesus commanded (John 13:34, 15:12-17), and let God “enlarge your heart” and “open your mouth”!
Now, the problem with which Paul and Timothy struggled is revealed in verse 12: The relational openness which the apostles had toward the Christians in Corinth was not being “returned in like measure” by the Corinthians. (As Paul said later on in 2 Corinthians 12:15 “...I will very gladly spend and be spent for your souls; though the more abundantly I love you, the less I am loved.” ~NKJV)
The apostles were not doing anything to “restrict/straiten/withhold/edge-out” the Christians in Corinth4, but something inside the “bowels/affections” of those church members was causing them to be stand-offish and to hold back on their relationship with Paul and Timothy. (This was part of the reason why Paul had not come back to visit them yet, even though he wanted to.)
The question is, “What was going on inside the Corinthians to make them cagey about continuing an open relationship with Paul and Timothy?” I see two clues in the verses that follow:
First is that the next thing the apostles say is for their readers to “cleanse/purify themselves” from association with “unbelievers” and “idols.”
Second is that the apostles protest in ch. 7 v.2: “...We have wronged no one, we have corrupted no one, we have exploited no one.” (NKJV) Why would they feel the need to deny so specifically that they had “wronged” or “corrupted” or “exploited” anyone? I think that the Corinthian church members had been associating with unbelievers who had planted those specific false accusations in their minds during the course of conversations, turning them away from the openness that they should have had toward their spiritual leaders.
Satan does not want you growing spiritually, and he does not want you making disciples, so, through thousands of years of experience, he has perfected the art of distracting God’s people with idolatry and darkness, and the art of poisoning the relationship between God’s people and their spiritual leaders through discontent and suspicion.
I’ve watched this happen many a time over decades of church pastoring – distractions as well as relational hostilities that stunted spiritual growth and fruitfulness.
And that’s what was happening in Corinth as well – the worship of other things besides Jesus was competing for the “affections” of church members, and growing suspicion of Paul and Timothy (fed by rumor-mongers) was strangling the rapport they had formerly enjoyed with the apostles who had brought them to Christ and had taught them how to be a church in the first place.
And so, in v.13, Paul, as their spiritual father, takes a step back and lectures them like he would a child: “Now look, I have been open and generous toward you, so the proper response on your part is to be open and generous towards me. Being wide-open and expansive toward me and Timothy is the matching ‘response/return/recompense’ that you should render in exchange.”
1 Thessalonians 2:11 “...you know how we exhorted, and comforted, and charged every one of you, as a father does his own children…” (NKJV)
I have left my home and my relatives and travelled far away to serve you; I have poured out my life developing a church community for you, teaching you, praying for you, developing spiritual leaders for you, and making myself available for advice. The least you can do in return is to welcome me when I come over for a visit and open your heart to what I have to say. Will you do that? Or will you continue to chose the influence of unbelievers instead?
1 Corinthians 4:14 “I am writing these things, not to shame you, but rather to admonish, as you are my beloved children.” (NAW) So what do the apostles admonish?
This prohibition in Greek is a compound verb based on the roots hetero (“different”) + zugos (“yoke”).
It is close to the noun found in Leviticus 19:19 “...Do not mate your cattle with hybrids (ἑτεροζύγῳ)...” (NAW), one of the ceremonial purity laws of the Old Testament, which also included Deut. 22:10 “You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey together.” (NKJV) It was an outward practice intended to illustrate an important spiritual principle of holiness.5
The word “yoke” is also used in Greek literature to denote bonding a man and wife together in marriage6, and a synonym is used in that respect in Deuteronomy 7:1-3 “When Yahweh your God brings you into the land that you are entering to take possession of it, and clears away many nations before you... You shall not intermarry7 with them, giving your daughters to their sons or taking their daughters for your sons...” (NAW)
God explained why in Exodus 34:12-16 “Take heed to yourself, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going... and make sacrifice to their gods... and you take of his daughters for your sons, and his daughters... make your sons [become unfaithful] with their gods.” (NKJV, cf. Ps. 106:34-36 & Ezra 9:12)
The Aorist verb tense of this prohibitive indicates that the Corinthians have been “unequally-yoked with unbelievers” and that they need to stop doing this because it has closed their hearts off toward the pastors that they need to be open with in order to be in a healthy place spiritually.
Five illustrations follow, demonstrating why these bonds with non-Christians are causing problems, all in terms of comparisons between two incompatable things:
“For what is the fellowship between righteousness and unrighteousness/lawlessness?”
The implied answer is: “None!” There is no fellowship between righteousness and lawlessness. Where people are doing what is right, they are doing the opposite of unrighteousness – they are not breaking the law. Conversely, where people are lawbreaking criminals and doing what is unrighteous, they can’t be righteous.
Marvin Vincent noted in his Word Studies (1886), that “the distinctively Pauline sense of righteousness by faith underlies” what is being said here, so there is a relationship between this contrast and the believer/unbeliever contrast.
And, by the way, the word “unbeliever” means someone who has heard the call of the gospel to trust Jesus to save us from our sin, but has rejected it, not necessarily someone who has never heard the Gospel. (A. T. Robertson)
The Greek word for “fellowship/partnership/common[ality]” is a compound of the verb “to have” and the preposition “with” – it indicates sharing the same resources.
That’s why Paul had said earlier in 1 Corinthians 5:9 “I wrote to y'all in the letter not to mix together with immoral persons8…” (NAW)
“Christ's offering of Himself for us was ‘that He might redeem us from all lawlessness’ (Titus 2:14). Accordingly, His final word to those who continue in unbelief is: ‘Depart from me, ye that work lawlessness’ (Mt. 7:23).” ~Phillip Hughes
The second impossible comparison is between “light” and “darkness.”
The Greek preposition nuances it a bit to ask the question of what does light do to [προς] darkness?
If I walk into a dark room with a flashlight/torch, what happens to the darkness everywhere I point my light? My light is positively hostile toward darkness; darkness cannot exist in the same place that I shine my light!
Here, in the comparison between light and darkness, the Greek word for “partnership/ communion/fellowship” is κοινωνία, which is based on the Greek word that means “commonality,” implying that the parties involved are doing things for each other.
But can darkness do anything to help my flashlight work better? No! Darkness works best in the total absence of light.
That’s why the Apostle John wrote at the beginning of his first letter:“[T]his is the message which we have heard from Him and are announcing to you, that God is light, and darkness is not in Him at all. If we are saying that we are in fellowship with Him, yet we walk in the darkness, we are deceiving ourselves and do not practice the truth.” (1 John 1:5-6, NAW, cf. John 8:12, 3:19)
Jesus, however, “called you out of darkness into His marvelous light” (1 Peter 2:9, cf. Acts 26:16, 2 Cor. 4:6).
Trusting in Jesus and not trusting in Jesus are mutually irreconcilable. They cannot be hybridized into any partnership that works.
To what extent does this apply? The commonalities of the words “yoke,” “fellowship,” “partnership,” “harmony,” “share,” and “agreement” help us understand that this is not talking about casual acquaintences or inconsequential purchases from merchants; these are deeper relationships:
where you make commitments to someone else,
you set yourself up to depend on them,
you allow them to use your things,
you allow them to speak for you,
and you share authority and accountability with them. (So, if God decides He has a problem with them and judges them, the consequences will spill over onto you.)
These are relationships which have an influence on you because you have given them partial control over your life.
One obvious application was mentioned earlier, and that is marraige:
Marriage is such a close relationship that a man and wife can’t help exerting tremendous influence upon each other. When both love the Lord, there is tremendous benefit to be shared in that influence,
but it would be an unequally-yoked partnership for someone who believes in Jesus to marry someone who does not believe in Jesus. They cannot marry “in the Lord,” as the Bible commands in 1 Corinthians 7:399. One person is under the control of the Holy Spirit and the other person is under the control of the Devil. It is not possible to achieve unity in spirit or mind, and, as a result, it is inevitable that the believer will be hindered in their relationship with God and will compromise with sin, so God told His people not to marry anyone who is not “in the Lord.”
What about other relationships, like business and social relationships?
Well, since our business and social relationships are formed with different levels of commitment, and different levels of dependence, communication, and sharing, it takes wisdom to discern where to draw the line and refuse to associate.
As Paul noted already in 1 Corinthians 5:10, it is “not” possible to avoid “mixing” at some level “with immoral persons” – we would have to “leave this world” altogether to do that! Furthermore, Jesus came “into the world” and He left us to be “in the world” for now (John 17:11), for us to be “salt” and “light” (Matt. 5:13-14), so there is nothing wrong with being in the world to be a godly influence on it.
Furthermore, there is nothing unrighteous about being dependent. There is a legalistic philosophy going around that says that self-employment is more righteous than working for an employer. But Paul told slaves in 1 Corinthians 7:20 that if they can’t obtain independence, then, “Each, in the calling in which he was called – in this, let him remain.” (NAW) In other words, Paul commanded them to keep working as slaves and to consider it a “calling” from God! So being dependent on a boss or an employer does not make you a second-rate Christian; that is not the “unequal yoking” that the apostles are saying must be stopped in 2 Corinthians here.
But business and social relationships which “constrain” our “affections” away from being “wide open” to the spiritual leaders who have helped us trust Jesus – who keep watch over our souls in the church, those social and business relationships should be cut off, if at all possible.
Here’s an example from my experience: When I created my NateWilsonFamily website address, everybody said that the way to set up a domain name was through GoDaddy. However, that company was well-known for advertisements that promoted sexual immorality, so, knowing that I wanted this service for the rest of my life, I looked for alternatives, and I decided to contract with another company called Network Solutions, which was much more expensive, but didn’t have sleazy ads.
There may also be individuals with whom you should not partner in business because they would be a bad influence or would associate you too closely with ungodliness.
Let me add that there should also be special precautions concerning broadcasted media because of the nature of one-way communication and the influence it can have upon you. When, for instance, you are watching a movie or listening to an audio recording, you are not able to interact with the producer and shine light and be an influence like you would if you were in a face-to-face conversation. The influence is all one-way from them to you, so you need to be especially careful to choose media that will not turn your affections away from loving the Lord with all your heart and will not turn your heart away from being wide-open to the face-to-face influence and accountability of the spiritual leaders under whom God has placed you in the church.
v. 15 continues to hammer on the need to break fellowship with unbelievers by another set of absurd comparisons:
v.15 What harmony/concord/accord is there between Christ and Belial/Satan?
“Beliar” appears to refer to the Hebrew word Belial (בְלִיַּעַל) found throughout the Old Testament (especially in 1 & 2 Samuel) translated “worthlesness/wickedness/ungodliness” and usually paired with the phrase “son of” or “man of.”
The fact that this name stands alone without “son of/man of” here suggests that this could be referring to the personal source behind all the “sons of ungodliness,” namely Satan himself, providing a perfect foil to Christ10.
The Greek word describing the relationship between the two is συμφώνησις from which we get the word “symphony.” It literally translates as “voices together” - saying things that go together. But we know that cannot be true of Jesus and Satan!
They don’t say the same thing: Jesus spoke the truth; Satan lies.
Jesus’ words call us to trust in God and be in unity with His people, but Satan’s words always lead to rebellion against God and division in the church.
1 John 3:7-8 “Dear children, no one must lead you astray; the one who is doing the right is righteous, just as He [Christ] is righteous; the one who is committing the sin is out of the devil, because, from the beginning, the devil sins. Into this [situation] the son of God was revealed in order that He might destroy the works of the devil.” (NAW)
Paul was clear in 1 Corinthians 10:20-21 that Christians cannot maintain fellowship with the Lord Jesus and with demons: “...I'm not willing for y'all to become partners [κοινωνοὺς] of the demons. Y'all are not able to drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. Y'all are not able to partake [μετέχειν] of the table of the Lord and the table of demons.” (NAW)11
1 Cor. 16:22 “If anyone does not love the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be accursed. O Lord, come!” (NKJV)
Stop allowing yourselves to be influenced by people to are being influenced by Satan and you’ll be able to open your heart towards the people who love the Lord Jesus.
What common/share/part/portion/μερὶς is there between believer and unbeliever?
Once again the answer, spiritually speaking, is “None.”
Of course, we “share” the air we breathe and the sunshine and rain God provides, but we cannot work together to achieve the same life-goals and religious purposes because believing/trusting in Jesus to save us from our sin is diametrically opposed to not believing in Jesus. That fundamental difference in belief creates entirely different ways of living and entirely different goals in life that can’t be shared.
Their “reward” is on earth (Mat. 6:2); your “reward” is in heaven (Mat. 5:12) – your resources are unshareable because they exist in different places!
The false apostles who came into Corinth after Paul did not believe that Jesus is the Anointed/Messiah/Christ. Their goals in life included presteige, strength, and self-promotion. Paul, on the other hand, as we see in 2 Corinthians, valued humility, weakness, and Jesus.
I recently ran into a situation with a group that doesn’t believe Christian trinitarian theology. They told a baptized member of a local Bible-believing church that she wasn’t a Christian because she hadn’t been baptized in the name of Jesus-only. That church member was encouraged to turn away from her pastor who had shared the Gospel with her. Then those same false teachers sent me an email asking for me to help them reach more people in our town. Should I be sharing my resources to help a cult group turn more Christians astray? No way!
2 Thessalonians 3:6 “But we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw from every brother who walks disorderly and not according to the tradition which he received from us.” (NKJV, cf. 1 Tim. 6:3-5)
There is one last incompatible relationship in...
v.16 What agreement is there in the temple of God with idols?
The Greek word translated “agreement” here in v.16 is a compound of the preposition “together with” + the verb “to set down.”
It reminds me of 1 Samuel chapter 5, when the Philistines beat the Israelites in a battle and took the Ark of the Covenant of God back with them as a war-trophy to display in the temple of their fish-God Dagon. The Living God and the idol of Dagon didn’t get along so well, placed together in the same temple, did they? The idol kept falling down and breaking!
Later on, Israelites tried to do the opposite thing and place idols in the temple of the True and Living God in Jerusalem. God sent them into exile for doing that!12
God is a jealous God; that’s why the first commandment is: “Thou shalt have no other gods before me!” (Exodus 20:3)
The apostles go on to re-assert what they had said in 1 Corinthians 3 and 6: “Haven't y'all known that y'all are13 the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God resides in y'all?” (1 Cor. 3:16, NAW) “Or haven’t y'all known that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit...?” (1 Cor. 6:19, NAW)
This is not just about “setting” two rival gods “next to” each other. Think about the purpose of a temple. What is a temple for? It is a place to worship, right? If your body is built to be a place to worship God, yet you bring something else into that temple and worship it and help other people worship that idol, then the building is being used for a purpose it was never supposed to be used for; it is violating the very purpose for which it exists!
So Paul had written in 1 Corinthians 10 “...stop being idolaters…” (v.7) and “...flee from idol-worship…” (v.14). (NAW)
And in 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10 “...you turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God...” (NKJV)
There is another lesson that we can learn from the apostles in this passage, and that is to keep our affections open toward those who have been rude towards us.
Jesus’ “Parable of the Prodigal Son” portrays a father who runs to welcome his son who had dishonored and abandoned him, showing us God’s attitude toward His rebellious children – and therefore the attitude we should have towards those who should have been respectful towards us but weren’t.
We must “enlarge our hearts” towards them and eagerly anticipate their redemption instead of hating them and cutting them out of our lives.
The flip-side of that lesson is to consider the people in your life that God wanted you to honor but whom you have judged harshly and dishonored with your words or actions, and how you may repent of that.
Our passage in 2 Corinthians is specifically referring to the breakdown of respect between people in a church and their pastors. In the 18th century, Matthew Henry commented: “It is desirable that there should be a mutual good affection between ministers and their people, and this would greatly tend to their mutual comfort and advantage.”
Maybe it will help for me to take the initiative to confess a sin that I have been convicted of recently. Like Paul states in this passage in 2 Corinthians 6, it is often idolatry that leads us into dishonoring our spiritual leaders. For me, the desire to get people to like me is idolatrous. I want the authorities in my life to like me, and I want to be liked by the people that I’m supposed to lead. My immediate spiritual authority that God has placed over me is the other elders of our church, so sometimes when I have idolized getting them to like me, I have agreed too-readily with them over things that I actually had a problem with. Then, sometimes I have discovered in conversation that some of the members of the congregation were on my side of the disagreement with the other elders, so, again pursuing my idol of wanting to be liked, I have told those congregation members that I disagreed with the elders because I knew that’s what they wanted to hear, even though it undermined their confidence in the other elders. Over time, that pattern of sin has really damaged our church by destroying trust between the members and the God-ordained pastors of our church, so I want to confess that sin and ask forgiveness for it and turn away from it.
That’s not to say we can’t have our disagreements and debates, but we need to forsake the unfaithful and idolatrous influences which close our hearts up against the spiritual leaders whom God has given us in the church.
Who do you get advice from? Psalm 1:1 “Blessings of the man who didn't walk in the counsel of the wicked, didn't stand in the path of sinners, and didn't sit in the bench of the scornful...” (NAW)
Who do you associate with? Psalm 26:4-5 “I have not sat with vain men, and don't have dealings with men who have something to hide. I have hated the congregation of evil men, and with wicked men I will not sit.” (NAW)
This is especially true of persons who call themselves Christian brothers and sisters and who want to hang out with you and be an influence on you, but whose lifestyle is not consistent with Christian morals: 1 Cor. 5:11 “[N]ow I write to y'all not to mix together14 with anyone if, while called a brother, he is being immoral or greedy or an idol-worshipper or an abusive speaker or drunkard or grasper – not even to eat together with such… 33 Do not be led astray, Bad company corrupts good manners.” (NAW)
This is also especially true of influencers who deviate from (or add to) the Gospel proclaimed by the apostles in the New Testament: 2 John 1:10 “When someone comes to y'all and does not carry this teaching, don't y'all receive him into a house and don't y'all speak to impart cheer to him...” (NAW)
Ephesians 5:7 “Therefore do not be partakers [συμμέτοχοι] with them, 8 For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Walk as children of light… 11 And have no fellowship [συγκοινωνεῖτε] with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them.” (NKJV)
James 4:4 “Adulterers and adulteresses, don't you know that the love of the world is enmity against God? Whoever therefore might wish to be a lover of the world appoints himself an enemy of God.” (NAW)
Exodus 23:2 “You shall not follow a crowd to do evil...” (NKJV)
Proverbs 4:14 “Do not enter the path of the wicked, And do not walk in the way of evil.” (NKJV)
1 Thess. 5:5 “You are all sons of light and sons of the day. We are not of the night nor of darkness.” (NKJV)
Romans 13:12 “The night is far spent, the day is at hand. Therefore let us cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.” (NKJV)
Philippians 2:15 “...that you may become blameless and harmless, children of God without fault in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world...” (NKJV)
ByzantineB |
NAW |
KJVC |
RheimsD |
MurdockE |
CopticF |
11 Τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγε πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ΚορίνθιοιG, Hἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται· |
11 Our mouth has opened toward y’all, Corinthians, our heart has been made expansive. |
11
O ye
Corinthians, our mouth |
11 Our mouth is open to you, O ye Corinthians: our heart is enlarged. |
11
O ye Corinthians,
our mouth |
11
Our mouth |
12 οὐ στενοχωρεῖσθε ἐν ἡμῖν, στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν· |
12 Y’all are not being constrained by us, rather y’all are being constrained in your own innards. |
12 Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your own bowels. |
12 You are not straitened in us: but in your own bowels you are straitened. |
12 Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your own bowels. |
12 Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your affections. |
13 τὴν δὲ αὐτὴν ἀντιμισθίαν,I ὡς τέκνοις λέγω, πλατύνθητε καὶ ὑμεῖς. |
13 Yet the in-kind response (I am speaking as I would to children.) should be that you yourselves also should be expansive. |
13 Now for a recompence in the same, (I speak as unto my children,) be ye also enlarged. |
13 But having the same recompense (I speak as to myJ children): be you also enlarged. |
13 I speak as to my children, [Pay me] the X debt [which ye owe], and expand you[r love towards me]. |
13 But I speak [to youS] of the same recompense, as X children: {widen out yourselvesB/be widened out XS} also. |
14 Μὴ γίνεσθεK ἑτεροζυγοῦντεςL ἀπίστοιςM· τίς γὰρ μετοχὴN δικαιοσύνῃO καὶP ἀνομίᾳ; τίς δὲQ κοινωνία φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος; |
14 Stop being hybridized with unbelievers. For what fellowship is there with righteousness and with lawlessness? Or what partnership is there with light toward darkness? |
14 Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness X with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? |
14 Bear not the X yoke with unbelievers. For what participation hath justice X with injustice? Or what fellowship hath light with darkness? |
14
And be ye not yoke- |
14
Be not X sharers
of (the) yoke |
15 τίς δὲ συμφώνησις ΧριστῷR πρὸς ΒελίαλS; ἢ τίς μερὶς πιστῷ μετὰ ἀπίστου; |
15 And what common voice is there in the Anointed One toward the Ungodly one? Or what share is there in a believer with an unbeliever? |
15 And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? |
15 And what concord hath Christ with Belial? Or what part hath the faithful with the unbeliever? |
15 or what concord hath the Messiah with Satan? or what part hath a believer with an unbeliever? |
15 Or what is (the) agreement of Christ with Beliar X What is (the) part of a believer with an unbeliever? |
16a τίς δὲ συγκατάθεσις ναῷ Θεοῦ μετὰ εἰδώλων; ὕμεῖςT γὰρ ναὸς Θεοῦ ἐστε ζῶντος, |
16a And what agreement is there in the temple of God with idols? For the temple of the living God is what y’all are, |
16a And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; |
16a And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? For you are the temple of the living God: |
16a
or what agreement
hath the temple of God with that of |
16a Or what is the union of theS/aB temple of God with that of the idols? For we [are] the temple of the living God: |
1Such as the earth “opening” its “mouth” to swallow Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, the miracles when those who had been struck dumb began to speak, and other times when men spoke to each other apart from divine influence.
2Robertson seemed to interpret this the same way I did. Calvin and Gill associated this idiom with “boldness” in speech (cf. Eph. 6:19), and J. Chrysostom, M. Henry, T. M’crie, and G. Wilson associated it with “eagerness” to converse based on love for them, the which should also accompany prophets as they relate the words of God.
3Cf. Robertson’s Grammar, which calls this a “durative perfect.”
4Indeed, they had stated earlier using the same word, “We are stressed in every way, but not constrained…” (2 Cor. 4:8, NAW) The interpretation that Paul was denying that his own heart was narrow towards the Corinthians seems to me to have it backwards, but is understandable due to the ambiguity of the Greek preposition “in,” which can mean: “by us” (Louw & Nida semantic domain #90.6, cf. Chrysostom, Barrett, NKJV, NASB, ESV), “in us” (L&N #83.13, cf. Geneva, KJV, Henry, Lenski, Waite, Vincent, Robertson, Hughes, NIV, NLT), or “for/concerning us” (L&N#89.5, cf. NET).
5“It is not inequality, but difference in kind, as is shown by the succeeding words.” ~M. Vincent
63 Maccabees 4:8 οἵ τε τούτων συνζυγεῖς...
7γαμβρεύσητε
8μὴ συναναμίγνυσθαι πόρνοις
91 Cor. 7:39 “A wife has been bound for however much time her husband may live, but if the husband happens to fall asleep [in death], she is released to be married to whomever she wants – only in the Lord...” (NAW)
10This was also the interpretation of the Peshitta, Chrysostom, Calvin, Beza, M. Poole, G. Wilson, P. Hughes, and A. T. Robertson (Whose earlier proposal in his Grammar that it meant “Lord of the Forest” was replaced in his Word Pictures by “Satan.”)
11Phillip Hughes’ commentary quotes applications made by the Council of Sardica (343 AD) to forbid church association with Aryians, and by Augustine to forbid wearing superstitious amulets and earrings.
12And the Jews learned their lesson! The reconstructed temple was kept free of idols, and, as a result, the idea of idols in God’s temple in Paul’s day was abhorrent.
13All the Bibles in the world from the early church until the year 1850 (except for the Coptic Bibles) read “you (plural) are the temple of the living God” in 2 Cor. 6:16, agreeing with these passages in 1 Corinthians. But all the standard English versions published since the mid 19th century (except for the New King James) read “we are the temple of the living God.” I prefer the traditional reading from before 1850, but whether Paul and Timothy were emphasizing that the Corinthian Christians were God’s temple or whether Paul and Timothy originally framed the statement to include all Christians as constituting God’s temple, both logic and the whole counsel of Scripture rule out the possible interpretations that a) Paul and Timothy might have said “you are the temple” because they didn’t believe that the apostles were part of the temple of God, or that b) Paul and Timothy might have said “we are the temple” because they believed that only the apostles and nobody in the church in Corinth were the temple. Once we rule those two possibilities out, the interpretations left to us are not materially different, whether the word “you” or “we” is the subject of that sentence, because both are true.
14συναναμίγνυσθαι
AWhen
a translation adds words not in the Greek text, but does not
indicate it has done so by the use of italics or greyed-out text, I
put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a
wording which is different from all the other translations, I
underline it. When a version chooses a translation which, in
my opinion, either departs too far from the root meaning of the
Greek word or departs too far from the grammar form of the original
text, I use strikeout. And when a version omits a
word which is in the original text, I insert an X. I also place an X
at the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English
translation is singular. I occasionally use colors to help the
reader see correlations between the various editions and versions
when there are more than two different translations of a given word.
NAW is my translation. My original chart includes annotated copies
of the NKJV, NASB, NIV, and ESV, but I erase them from the online
edition so as not to infringe on their copyrights.
BThis Greek New Testament is the 1904 "Patriarchal" edition of the Greek Orthodox Church. As published by E-Sword in 2016. The Robinson-Pierpont Byzantine majority text of the GNT and the Textus Receptus are very similar. The Westcott-Hort, Nestle-Aland, UBS, and Tregelles editions, however, are a slightly-different family of GNTs developed in the 19th -21st centuries, focusing on the few manuscripts which are older than the Byzantine manuscripts. Even so, the practical differences in the text between these two editing philosophies are minimal.
C1769 King James Version of the Holy Bible; public domain. As published by E-Sword in 2019.
DRheims New Testament first published by the English College at Rheims, A.D. 1582, Revised and Diligently Compared with the Latin Vulgate by Bishop Richard Challoner, Published in 1582, 1609, 1752. As published on E-Sword in 2016.
EJames Murdock, A Literal Translation from the Syriac Peshito Version, 1851, Robert Carter & Brothers, New York. Scanned and transcribed by Gary Cernava and published electronically by Janet Magierra at http://www.lightofword.org, and published on E-Sword in 2023.
FThis is my conflation of the English translations of the Northern Bohairic and Southern Sahidic traditions published by Oxford Clarendon Press in 1905 and 1920 respectively, neither of which named the translator or editor. The beginnings and ends of multiple-word variants are marked out with brackets, with a superscript “S” for Sahidic or “B” for Bohairic. The editor of the Sahidic compilation did not have manuscripts for vs. 11, 12, 14, & 15, and it does not appear that subsequently-discovered manuscripts have been published in English, so variants in that section for that tradition are not listed.
G“Moreover the addition of their name is a mark of great love and warmth and affection; for we are accustomed to be repeating continually the bare names of those we love.” ~J. Chrysostom
HAlthough there is no “and” conjunction here in any Greek manuscript, nor is there one in the ancient Vulgate or Coptic versions, the NIV followed the Peshitta in inserting one.
IThe only other time this noun occurs in the Greek Bible is in Romans 1:27, where it is translated “penalty/recompense” – as in “just consequences” for disobedient rebellion against God. Scholars have speculated over the years concerning the grammar of this phrase, but Hanna recommended Moule’s theory that it was “an accusative in apposition to the whole sentence which follows … ‘widen your hearts in the same way in exchange…’” (cf. A. T. Robertson: “There is no verb here to explain the accusative which may be the accusative of general reference or the object of a verb not expressed.”)
J“My” is not actually in the Vulgate; it was added by Rheims.
KFor a thorough debunking of the theory that the next few verses are a later insertion into the book of 2 Corinthians, see pages 126-128 in P. E. Hughes’ commentary. The simple fact that no ancient manuscript of 2 Cor. exists which omits these verses is powerful refutation all by itself.
LHapex legomenon. This is a compound verb based on the roots hetero (“different”) + zugos (“yoke”). It is close to the noun found in Leviticus 19:19 ...Do not mate your cattle with hybrids (ἑτεροζύγῳ)...” (NAW) The only other verbal form I found was the participle ἐζυγωμένα in 1 Kings 7:43 and Ezekiel 41:26, describing a “joiner” in architecture.
MJ. Chrysostom noted, “Here in what follows he institutes a comparison, not between his own love and theirs who corrupt them, but between their nobleness and the others’ dishonor. For thus his discourse became more dignified and more beseeming himself, and would the rather win them.”
NThe only other occurrence of this noun in the Greek Bible is in Psalm 122:3 (Greek Psalm 121) speaking of the city of God being “compact,” but the adjectival form is used in Luke 5:7 and Heb. 1:9, 3:1&14, 6:4, & 12:8 (often as a noun “companion”), and the Verb form “partake” is in 1 Cor. 9:10,12; 10:17,21,30, and Heb. 2:14, 5:13, & 7:13.
O“Righteousness is placed in antithesis here to iniquity, or, more literally, lawlessness. The same antithesis is found again in Heb. 1:9 (=Ps. 45:7): ‘Thou hast loved righteousness and hated lawlessness’ .... Christ's offering of Himself for us was ‘that He might redeem us from all lawlessness’ (Titus 2:14). Accordingly, His final word to those who continue in unbelief is: ‘Depart from me, ye that work lawlessness’ (Mt. 7:23).” ~Phillip Hughes
PTwo 9th century Greek manuscripts depart from all the other manuscripts by omitting this “and,” but the Vulgate, Peshitta, and Coptic versions also read without the “and,” and the KJV, NIV, and ESV followed that omission (despite that fact that the “and” is in the Textus Receptus as well as in all the contemporary critical GNT’s).
QThis is the reading of the majority of Greek manuscripts (the oldest of which dates to the 6th century AD) and of the Textus Receptus and Greek Orthodox editions of the GNT, but contemporary critical editions read with a synonym (η instead of δε – which both can mean “or”), found in 17 Greek manuscripts (including all five of the oldest-known manuscripts, dating back to the 3rd-6th centuries AD).
RThis dative form (“with Christ”) is the reading of the majority of Greek manuscripts (the oldest of which dates to the 9th century AD) and of the Textus Receptus and Greek Orthodox editions of the GNT, but contemporary critical editions read instead with the genitive form (“of Christ”) found in 10 Greek manuscripts (including all four of the oldest-known manuscripts, dating back to the 3rd-5th centuries AD). It makes no practical difference in meaning; this probably just has to do with a change in grammar conventions for a contrast statement over the span of centuries.
SCuriously,
no Greek manuscript spells this word this way. This was just an
editorial choice in the traditional Greek Orthodox editions (which
was also made by the English versions) to make this word, which, in
the majority of manuscripts reads Beliar
(as the Boharic Coptic, the Textus Receptus and the
contemporary critical editions also rendered it, or Belian
or Beliab, as several 9th
century Uncial manuscripts rendered it) instead as the more-familiar
Belial. These spellings occur nowhere else in
the Greek Bible. It should be noted that the liquid phoenemes “l”
and “r” are phonetically related and are interchanged in some
languages. (I have heard this in Chinese and Lugandan, and I believe
it happens in other languages too.) It should be noted that the
Peshitta made a similar editorial decision to render this Greek word
“Satana” to provide a recognizable entity.
It
appears to refer to the Semitic word בְלִיַּעַל
found throughout the Old Testament, especially in
Samuel (Deut. 13:14; 15:9; Jdg. 19:22; 20:13; 1 Sam. 1:16; 2:12;
10:27; 25:17, 25; 30:22; 2 Sam. 16:7; 20:1; 22:5; 23:6; 1 Ki. 21:10,
13; 2 Chr. 13:7; Job 34:18; Ps. 18:5; 41:9; 101:3; Prov. 6:12;
16:27; 19:28; Nah. 1:11; 2:1) translated
“worthlesness/wickedness/ungodliness” and usually paired
with the word “son of” or “man of.” The fact that the name
stands alone without a genitive here could support the Peshitta’s
interpretation that this is speaking of the personal source behind
all “sons of ungodliness” namely Satan himself, providing a
perfect foil to Christ.
cf. Vincent: “It does not occur in
the Septuagint as a proper name. The form Beliar, which is
preferred by critics, is mostly ascribed to the Syriac pronunciation
of Belial, the change of l into r being quite common. Others,
however, derive from Belyar, Lord of the forest. Here
a synonym for Satan.”
TThis is the reading of the majority of Greek manuscripts (the oldest of which date to the 3rd and 5th centuries AD) and of the Textus Receptus and Greek Orthodox editions of the GNT, but contemporary critical editions change the subject to the first person “we… are,” which is found in about 12 Greek manuscripts (the oldest of which date to the 4th and 7th centuries AD – although one of the 4th century manuscripts, the Sinaiticus, at an unknown date was corrected to the traditional reading “you are”). The ancient Latin and Syriac versions support the traditional reading with plural “you… are…” whereas the Coptic versions supports the first person reading “we... are…” All the standard English versions translated since the mid-1800’s read “we” (except for the NKJV), but it does not change the meaning because this is merely a distinction in perspective as to whether Paul and Timothy were emphasizing that the Corinthian Christians were God’s temple (while not denying that they and other Christians were too) or whether Paul and Timothy framed the statement generally to include all Christians (not excluding the Corinthian Christians).